Genetic Modification

Living organisms are made up of large number of cells that contain genetic information, specifying what traits an organism will have. This information is packed in the form of chromosome inside the nucleus. Long strings of DNA make up the chromosome. DNA itself is made up of small pieces called genes. There are 2 kind of genetic modification natural and artifical. Genetic modificatuion occurs naturally in sexual reproduction, but when the modification of the genes is done artifically in the labs it is usually called genetic engineering.

Genitic modification/engineering is a process that changes the genetic material of living organism. This includes duplicating, deleting or inserting one or more new genes or changing the activities of an existing gene. It can be performed on microscopic organisms, plants, animals or humans. Genitics engineering relies on the ability to cut DNA precisely, islolate desired fragments and insert them into a single cell of another organism. From this transformed cell a new multicellular(many cells) organism can be regenerated. There is a wide range of applications of the new technology, from making human insulin to making crops resistant to pest and diseases.

Some of the examples are animals are modified to produce special milk, spider silk which is a strong material that can be used in a variety of industrial products i.e. sutures and bullet proof vest can made from genetically engineered goats, cloning, crops(squash, papaya, potato) are made virus resistant, seedless sweet taste pepper is produced through genetic modification, genetic modification is also used in the human health products like formation of polio vaccine, regeneration of the damaged heart valve tissue by injecting a specific DNA.

There is no doubt that genetic engineering has its benefits but it has also attaracted opposition. It is criticized for being unnatural and is though of as an instrument for the manipulation of human genetic make-up that might invite serious abuse. It raises questions like should human cloning be allowed? so along with the benefits of genetic engineering there are some conroversual issues.

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